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Useful command groups: normal (/seed, /time, /version, /color, /evolution), multiplayer/admin (/promote, /ban, /kick, /whitelist, /config, /server-save), and script/cheat commands (/c, /silent-command, /cheat, /editor) that permanently disable achievements.

The commands people actually use

CommandDoes
/cheat allResearch everything + free crafting; /cheat off to undo
/editorToggle the map editor (also Ctrl+Shift+F11 - easy to hit by accident)
/c game.speed = 2Run the game at 2x speed
/c game.player.force.research_all_technologies()Unlock all research
/silent-command / /scRun Lua without console spam - still kills achievements
/config set allow-commands admins-onlyRestrict Lua commands to admins on a server

FAQ

Do cheats disable achievements?

Yes - /c, /silent-command, /measured-command, /cheat and /editor each permanently disable achievements on that save.

Can I undo it?

No - the warning is literal. Keep a clean backup save before experimenting.